Título:	Toxicity of baits and their effects on population suppression of anastrepha fraterculus (diptera: tephritidae): implications for field management.
Autoria:	NUNES, M. Z. BARONIO, C. A. SCHUTZE, I. X. BERNARDI, D. ARIOLI, C. J. M. JUNIOR, R. BOTTON, M.
Afiliação:	MARCELO Z. NUNES, Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil; CLEBER ANTONIO BARONIO, Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil; INANA X. SCHUTZE, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; DANIEL BERNARDI, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; CRISTIANO J. ARIOLI, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Estação Experimental de São Joaquim, São Joaquim, SC, Brazil, and; RUBEN M. JUNIOR, Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil; MARCOS BOTTON, CNPUV.
Ano de publicação:	2020
Referência:	Environmental Entomology, v. 49, p. 638-644, 2020.
Conteúdo:	Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) is the main pest of fruit in southern Brazil. The use of toxic baits is one of the alternatives for its management. In this study, the toxic baits Anamed + malathion (10,000 mg/liter), Flyral 1.25% + malathion (2,000 mg/liter), and Gelsura (alpha-cypermethrin, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/liter) were highly toxic to the adults of A. fraterculus (lethal time [LT50] < 7 h). In contrast, Success 0.02 CB had an LT50 of 48.4 h. In the absence of rain, all the formulations had residual effects (>90% mortality) on A. fraterculus adults up to 21 d after treatment (DAT). In the presence of 5, 25, and 50 mm of rainfall, there was a significant reduction in the residual effect over time. However, with up to 50 mm of rain, Anamed + malathion and Gelsura 2,000 and 4,000 mg/liter caused between 43.0 and 79.0% of mortality. In the field, during two consecutive seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017), applications of Gelsura 2,000 mg/liter (four applications/season) caused population suppression of the pest throughout the apple fruiting period. However, in the 2016/2017 season, in the area using Gelsura, a higher percentage (&#8776;12%) of apple fruits damaged by A. fraterculus females was observed when compared with the area with insecticide application (damage <3%). The toxic bait Gelsura (2,000 and 4.000 mg/liter) was shown to be promising for use in the management of A. fraterculus, with results similar to those with the application of synthetic insecticides. Key words: South American fruit fly, integrated pest management, rain effect, chemical control
Thesagro:	Anastrepha Fraterculus
NAL Thesaurus:	Integrated pest management Chemical control
Palavras-chave:	South American fruit fly Rain effect
Digital Object Identifier:	10.1093/ee/nvaa035
Tipo do material:	Artigo de periódico
Acesso:	openAccess
Aparece nas coleções:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPUV)