Title:	Co-inoculation maintains yields and lowers N2O emission by affecting rhizosphere bacterial diversity in common bean grown on a C-rich clayey Ferralsol.
Authors:	SCHULLMAN, P. CARVALHO, M. T. de M. MELLO, R. N. de MADARI, B. E. MACHADO, P. L. O. de A. FERREIRA, E. P. de B. FERRARESI, T. M. BORBA, T. C. de O. MENDES, R. HIROSE, E. ARAUJO, W. A. de SIQUEIRA, M. M. de B. SILVA, R. R. da MORAIS, P. A. de O.
Affiliation:	PABLO SCHULMAN; MARCIA THAIS DE MELO CARVALHO, CNPAF; RAQUEL NEVES DE MELLO, CNPAF; BEATA EMOKE MADARI, CNPAF; PEDRO LUIZ OLIVEIRA DE ALMEIDA MACH, CNPAF; ENDERSON PETRONIO DE BRITO FERREIRA, CNPAF; TATIANA MARIS FERRARESI, CNPAF; TEREZA CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA BORBA, CNPAF; RODRIGO MENDES, CNPMA; EDSON HIROSE, CNPSO; WILKER ALVES DE ARAUJO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS; MATHEUS MENTONE DE BRITTO SIQUEIRA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS; RYAN RODRIGUES DA SILVA; PEDRO AUGUSTO DE OLIVEIRA MORAIS, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO MARANHÃO.
Date Issued:	2025
Citation:	Soil Advances, v. 3, 100046, June 2025.
Description:	Despite being a N-fixing legume, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivation using diazotrophic bacteria is not commonly adopted by Brazilian farmers, who instead rely on mineral nitrogen sources like urea, increasing environmental and economic costs. Diversified systems that enhance soil quality may improve the crop’s ability to depend solely on biological nitrogen fixation. This study investigated how co-inoculation with Rhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense (+I or -I), with or without mineral N (+N or -N), affects N2O–N fluxes, yield, and rhizospheric community of common bean. A trial was established within a 20-year-old integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) over the 2019/2020 (Y1) and 2021/2022 (Y2) crop years. Soil and plant variables were assessed throughout both years. N2O–N fluxes were measured using manual static chambers targeting days following co-inoculation and N fertilization applications, while the 16S rRNA microbiome composition was assessed by metabarcoding samples collected during flowering. Yields (∼3000 kg ha−1) were relatively high and similar among treatments. Co-inoculation alone (+I-N) led to reduced N2O–N fluxes (yearly average of 43.8 ± 16.0 µg/m²/h). Co-inoculation reduced the N2O emission intensity of common bean; however, its effectiveness was limited when applied in conjunction with urea. Regardless of year and co-inoculation, N2O–N fluxes remained high when N fertilizer was used (averaging 108.3 ± 30.3 µg/m²/h). Microbial diversity was generally lower under N fertilization, with shifts in the abundance of nitrogen-related functional groups, particularly in the second year. Despite seasonal variations, results indicate that co-inoculation can mitigate N₂O emission while maintaining crop yield and soil organic matter (∼4 %) in this biodiverse ICLS system.
Thesagro:	Feijão Phaseolus Vulgaris Rhizobium sp Cerrado Nitrogênio
NAL Thesaurus:	Beans Rhizosphere bacteria Azospirillum brasilense
Keywords:	Crop diversification Metabarcoding
ISSN:	2950-2896
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilad.2025.100046
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPAF)