DSpace Communidade: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste (CPPSE)

Water performance indicators and benchmarks for dairy production systems.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Water performance indicators and benchmarks for dairy production systems. Autoria: PALHARES, J. C. P.; MATARIM, D. L.; SOUSA, R. V. de; MARTELLO, L. S. Conteúdo: The aim of the study is to discern benchmarks for the indicators L water cow−1 day−1 and L water kg milk−1 day−1 per type of production system and season. A total of 876 commercial dairy farms underwent comprehensive water consumption monitoring from January 2021 to December 2022. The monitored water consumptions were animal drinking water and water usage for cleaning. Confined systems exhibited the highest average for animal drinking and cleaning, 87.5 L water cow−1 day−1 and 84.4 L water cow−1 day−1, respectively. Semi-confined systems presented the lowest average for animal drinking, 54.4 L water cow−1 day−1. Pasture systems showed the lowest average for cleaning, 45.2 L water cow−1 day−1. The benchmarks proposed in this study can serve as the first references for animal drinking and milking parlor washing consumption for production systems in tropical conditions.

Derivation of prediction error variance for non-genotyped individuals in genomic selection.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Derivation of prediction error variance for non-genotyped individuals in genomic selection. Autoria: JUNQUEIRA, V. S.; YOKOO, M. J. I.; CARDOSO, F. F. Conteúdo: Genomic selection has transformed plant and animal breeding by enabling accurate prediction of genetic merit using DNA markers; however, comprehensive genotyping of all selection candidates remains economically prohibitive for most breeding programs. While breeding programs must decide which subset of individuals to genotype within budget constraints, current approaches rely primarily on experience-based decisions rather than quantitative frameworks. We present explicit mathematical derivations for prediction error variance (PEV) in non-genotyped individuals under mixed model equations, providing a theoretical foundation for evaluating genotyping strategies prospectively. The approach derives PEV expressions for non- genotyped selection candidates under different relationship matrix structures, including pedigree-based, genomic, and hybrid single-step methodologies that combine both information sources. The derivations accommodate complex breeding program structures with historical training populations containing both genotypes and phenotypes alongside contemporary selection candidates with only pedigree information. Using Schur complement methods applied to partitioned mixed model equations, the framework enables calculation of prediction uncertainty without requiring actual phenotypic data from selection candidates. The expressions simplify under different information scenarios, from cases with complete phenotypic data to situations where only relationship information is available. The method was validated through simulations across six scenarios with populations ranging from 180 to 15,500 individuals, confirming numerical equivalence with direct matrix inversion while demonstrating computational and memory advantages that increase with population size. Although genomic relationship matrix operations dominate the complexity, matrix decomposition techniques, including Cholesky factorization and APY methodology, can improve efficiency. The mathematical framework provides quantitative tools for transitioning from experience-based to mathematically- informed genotyping decisions, with applications extending to any field requiring prospective quantification of prediction uncertainty under resource constraints.

Effect of two-doses of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on methane emissions, performance, rumen microbiome, and metabolomics in Nellore cattle.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Effect of two-doses of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on methane emissions, performance, rumen microbiome, and metabolomics in Nellore cattle. Autoria: AMÂNCIO, B. R.; MAGNANI, E.; NUNES, A. T.; SILVA, T. H.; CORTINHAS, C. S.; CARVALHO, V. V. de; TAMASSIA, L. F. M.; ZIHLMANN, R.; BERNDT, A.; SANTOS, J. de O.; CÔNSOLO, N. R. B.; BENEDETI, P. D. B.; ARNANDES, R. H. B.; PAULA, E. M. Conteúdo: This study evaluated the effects of two doses of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on methane (CH4) emissions, performance, dry matter (DM) intake, apparent digestibility, rumen microbiome and metabolomic profile of Nellore cattle fed a high-concentrate finishing finishing diet. Seventy-five 20-month-old Nellore bulls, 361.6 ± 30.08 kg body weight (BW), were individually housed with ad libitum access to feed and water. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized study design, with three treatments and 25 animals per treatment, which were: 1) CON, control (basal diet + mineral premix without 3-NOP), 2) 3-NOP65 (Basal diet + mineral premix + 65 mg 3-NOP/kg of DM), 3) 3-NOP85 (Basal diet + mineral premix + 85 mg 3-NOP/kg of DM). The 115-d trial included a 3-wk adaptation period with increasing dietary concentrate levels from 50% to 88%. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. Supplementation with 3-NOP had no detrimental effect on final BW (P = 0.89) and average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.94), but DM intake increased linearly with 3-NOP inclusion (P = 0.05). Methane emissions (g/d) were reduced by 13.2% and 26.7% in the 3-NOP65 and 3-NOP85 groups, respectively (P < 0.05), without adverse effects on animal health. Rumen microbiome analysis revealed a quadratic response in the relative abundance of the phylum Euryarchaeota (P = 0.01). Metabolomic analysis indicated significant changes in amino acid and energy metabolism, with proline, arginine, and threonine identified as key discriminant metabolites (VIP > 1) in the 3-NOP85 group. These findings demonstrate that 3-NOP supplementation effectively reduces CH4 emissions in a dose-dependent manner while maintaining animal performance and health.

Efeito sazonal do Valor nutritivo de forrageiras em sistema silvipastoril.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Efeito sazonal do Valor nutritivo de forrageiras em sistema silvipastoril. Autoria: ARCHETTI, Y. R.; MOURA, L. F.; PASQUINI NETO, R.; PEZZOPANE, J. R. M. Conteúdo: A interação entre os componentes arbóreos e forrageiros de sistemas silvipastoris (SSP) é complexa, resultando em microclimas e padrões de sombreamento que podem influenciar diretamente na morfologia, rendimento e, principalmente, o valor nutritivo das pastagens. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional de folhas de (Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã) e de feijão-guandu (Cajanus cajan cv. BRS Mandarim) em cinco distâncias [2m do lado noroeste (NO); 4,25m NO; 8,5m; 4,25m do lado sudeste (SE); e 2m SE] entre fileiras de árvores nativas do Bioma Mata Atlântica SSP. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, em São Carlos (SP), entre junho de 2022 a janeiro de 2023, contemplando os períodos de águas e secas. As coletas ocorreram mensalmente, seguindo um delineamento com quatro repetições ao longo de transectos, utilizando um quadro metálico de 0,5 m² e cortes rentes ao solo. As amostras de planta inteira foram separadas em folhas manualmente, secas em estufa de ventilação forçada por 72 h a 65°C, moídas e enviadas para análise bromatológica de proteína bruta (PB) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), utilizando espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS). As posições, estações e a interação (posições × estações) foram considerados como efeitos fixos, e as médias submetidas à análise de variância e comparação de Fisher a 5% pelo PROC MIXED do SAS. Os resultados de PB e DIVMS foram 10,5 e 71,3% para a Piatã e 25,1 e 34,0% para o feijão-guandu, respectivamente. Ademais, considerando as estações do ano, para Piatã, os maiores teores de PB (11,8%) e DIVMS (72,8%) foram observados durante o período das águas, enquanto na seca esses valores diminuíram para 9,1% e 69,9%, respectivamente. Já para o feijão-guandu, observou-se o mesmo comportamento para o teor de PB, com 27,3% nas águas e 23,0% na seca. Houve efeito das estações nos valores de PB para o feijão-guandu e das estações para ambos os índices de Piatã (P<,0001). Diante disso, observa-se que analisar o valor nutricional das forrageiras é estratégico e indispensável em SSP. Indicando que, apesar da complexidade desse sistema, as variações de valor nutritivo das forragens foram determinadas maiormente pelas condições microclimáticas durante as avaliações. No período das águas, a maior disponibilidade de recursos aumentou os teores de PB e DIVMS, em contraste reduziram-se na seca para ambas as espécies. Assim, o planejamento nutricional em SSPs deve focar na mitigação dos efeitos da seca, tendo em vista a influência do clima na qualidade das forragens.