https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/item/297 Resumo em anais de congresso (CENARGEN) 2026-06-14T20:29:07Z https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1187391 Título: The potential of native germplasm for forage production. Autoria: VALLS, J. F. M. Conteúdo: Brazilian forage breeding programs are below the needs for a country of continental dimensions. They target too few species, and grass cultivars are mostly exotic. The main forage cultivars resulted of phenotypic selection based on agronomic merit, and, just a short time ago, this kind of selection would depart from very small collections. Present trends include acceptance of the value of broad collections, a clear concern on the mode of reproduction, potential introgression of genes from allied species, and a drive for greater use of native species, mostly of the legume genera Arachis and Stylosanthes, but also of Paspalum. Results of such programs are reaching the market, yet at long intervals. Expanded use of native species finds obstacles on lack of information, and frequently on reproductive barriers, to be overcome by cytogenetic studies and pre-breeding activities, that still need to capture the breeder’s attention. Many native grasses and legumes have a potential for use as cultivars. For centuries, native plants have been the biological basis for sustainable livestock raising in many Brazilian states. There is a good insight on which species are the main components of productivity in Brazilian natural pastures. Accessions of many native species are now available in genebanks, in spite of their rarity in breeder’s working collections. Identification of elite species has been recently stressed, under the “Plants for the Future” governmental project, especially concerning the Southern and West Central Brazilian regions. Initiatives involving outstanding native legumes and grasses will be commented. While in exotic germplasm, the search for expanded knowledge on reproductive mechanisms aims at the incorporation of such knowledge in breeding strategies, the search for biosystematic knowledge of native species has dual purpose: The sustainable management of native pastures, considering the adequate conservation of major components of their yield and environmental services, and balanced survival of plant populations with distinct ecological niches, and the use of such knowledge in pre-breeding activities and breeding programs. Identification of limiting factors for the establishment of a broad span of native cultivars of forage grasses and legumes, adapted to the diverse ecological conditions of the Brazilian territory, will help to find a better niche for native species in the spectrum of commercial forage plants for sustainable pasture establishment. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1187388 Título: Integrating genetic diversity, metabolites profiles, transcript profiles, and protein profile allowed identification of gene sets useful to improve storage root quality in cassava storage root. Autoria: CARVALHO, L. J. C. B.; ANDERSON, J. V.; SOUZA, C. R. B. de; VIEIRA, E. A. Conteúdo: A research program at EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology exploits natural genetic variation to overcome genetic bottlenecks during domestication and to improve yield and quality of cassava storage root. Here, we integrate results genetic diversity, metabolite profiles (carotenoid synthesis), microarray-based transcript and proteomic profile to unveil complex biological and metabolic networks using diversity from landraces and F1 progeny. Based on correlation analysis, we mined candidate regulatory genes to identify putative biological pathway network that differentiate storage root phenotypes and genes coding for enzymes in carotenoid synthesis to identify putative mutations in the pathway. Proteomic profile was used to mine candidate proteins associated to carotenoid accumulation. Results from this analysis provided evidences to indicate that carotenoid metabolite revealed by HPLC profiles correlate differentially with specific expressed genes coding for enzymes such PSY, PDS and LyCb as well as with specific putative regulatory genes network with gene nodes as FLC, ABI1, JAR1, MPK4, BRI1 and ATG50240. Proteomic profile revealed that small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSP) were the most abundant protein in the carotenoid-protein complex and that HSP21 protein play major roles in the accumulation of β-carotene in cassava storage root. It was also observed that the gene coding for HSP18.1 and HSP21 are highly expressed in intense yellow root than in white. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1187395 Título: Integrated conservation and sustainable use of regional crop wild relatives. Autoria: VALLS, J. F. M. Conteúdo: South America includes some mega-diverse countries, but genetic resources locally used for food and agriculture are mostly of exotic origin. Exclusively exotic crops, with no local germplasm, sometimes are key elements behind successful agribusiness. The local importance of coffee, soybeans, sugar-cane, as well as of species of Citrus and Eucalyptus illustrates the strong dependence on exotic germplasm, with the resulting vulnerability. However, the region also includes plant genetic resources of global importance, gathering diverse wild relatives of crops. Breeding programs of exotic crops such as rice, barley, pearl millet or finger millet could benefit from the addition of local congeneric wild species. In parallel, the breeding of American crops such as maize or lima beans may benefit from the addition of germplasm of local landraces, derived from remote introduction of such crops in South America, from their areas of origin in Mexico and Central America. But the greatest impact of the regional plant genetic resources refers to traditional South American crops, such as pineapple, peppers, and groundnut, of which the area is rich in wild relatives. Three crops of Brazilian origin, cassava, cashew, and rubber-tree, enrich this group, of which most wild relatives occur in Brazil, many of them being endemic. Besides typical wild relatives of crop plants, some species native to Brazil and adjacent countries have shown a potential to become commercial crops. This applies to many native forage plants, fruit trees, and palms. In the last three decades, some elite wild plants, Arachis pintoi and Stylosanthes seabrana, both exclusive to Brazil, confirmed this potential, reaching the World market. Information will be presented on what is being done, and still needs to be accomplished, towards the conservation of such crop wild relatives, both ex situ and in situ, especially at a time of strong modifications in the land use systems and practices in South America, while facing threats of climate change. Detailed information on three regional crop genepools will follow, stressing the growing amount of taxonomic and genetic information piled up on the groundnut wild relatives, on the struggle to conserve the wild Manihot species, when their preferred biome, the Cerrado, is under drastic agricultural impact, and on how much diversity is being constantly unveiled on South American species of Capsicum, and how this knowledge relates to agronomic advances. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1187390 Título: Cassava Proteome Technologies: approaches and strategies to increase starch yield and nutritional quality varieties. Autoria: CHEN, S.; LI, K.; CARVALHO, L. J. C. B. Conteúdo: In this study proteomics provides a broad view of cassava varieties at the level of proteins. It is intended to give an understanding of the technologies behind proteomics and its application to address biological questions regarding source-flux-sink interactions, high starch accumulation, nutritional-quality characteristics and etc. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z