Título:	Lethal and sublethal effects of toxic bait formulations on Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and implications for integrated fruit fly management.
Autor:	PIOVESAN, B. CONTRERAS MIRANDA, J. A. GONÇALVES, R. da S. NÖRNBERG, S. D. BERNARDI, D. BOTTON, M. NAVA, D. E.
Afiliación:	BRUNA PIOVESAN, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS; JAVIER ANTONIO CONTRERAS MIRANDA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS; RAFAEL DA SILVA GONÇALVES, PARTAMON; SANDRO DANIEL NÖRNBERG, PARTAMON; DANIEL BERNARDI, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS; MARCOS BOTTON, CNPUV; DORI EDSON NAVA, CPACT.
Año:	2023
Referencia:	Journal of Economic Entomology, v. 116, n. 3, p. 855-863, June 2023.
Descripción:	The use of toxic baits has become one of the main methods of management of fruit flies in Brazil. The application of toxic baits may cause side effects on the native parasitoid Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Based on the results, formulations made from the food attractants 3% Biofruit, 1.5% Ceratrap, 1.25% Flyral, 3% Isca Samaritá, 3% Isca Samaritá Tradicional, and 7% sugarcane molasses associated with the Malathion 1000 EC and the ready-to-use toxic bait Gelsura (containing the active ingredient alphacypermethrin) were classified as harmful (class 4) to D. areolatus (mortality > 85% at 96 HAE). In contrast, for toxic baits formulated with insecticide phosmet, the mortality ranged from 38% to 72%, classified as slightly harmful or moderately harmful. However, when phosmet was added to the 3% Samaritá Tradicional bait, the mortality was only 3.9% (class 1—harmless), similar to the toxicity observed for the Success 0.02 CB ready-to-use bait (0.24 g a.i. spinosad/l) (<5% mortality). Although toxic baits were formulated with spinosyn-based insecticides, all toxic bait formulations were classified as harmless or slightly harmful (<50% mortality) to D. areolatus, with the exception of 1.5% Ceratrap + spinetoram and 7% Sugarcane molasses + spinosad (≈ 60% mortality—moderately harmful). In addition, these formulations did not show sublethal effects in reducing the parasitism and emergence rate of the F1 generation of D. areolatus in A. fraterculus larvae. The results serve as a basis for the correct use of toxic food baits without affecting the biological control.
Thesagro:	Mosca das Frutas
NAL Thesaurus:	Doryctobracon areolatus
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toad069
Notas:	Accepted on 17 March 2023.
Tipo de Material:	Artigo de periódico
Acceso:	openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CPACT)