Título:	The characterization of pastures by grazing cycle and evaluation of supplementation with agro-industry co-products on the performance of buffaloes in the humid tropics.
Autoria:	OLIVEIRA, K. C. C. DE FATURI, C. GARCIA, A. R. JOELE, M. R. S. P. NAHUM, B. de S. SILVA, W. C. DA RODRIGUES, T. C. G. DE C. SILVA, E. B. R. DA LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, J. DE B.
Afiliação:	KELLY CAVALCANTI CONOR DE OLIVEIRA, Federal University of Para CRISTIAN FATURI, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia ALEXANDRE ROSSETTO GARCIA, CPPSE MARIA REGINA SARKIS PEIXOTO JOELE BENJAMIM DE SOUZA NAHUM, CPATU WELLIGTON CONCEIÇÃO DA SILVA, Federal University of Para THOMAZ CYRO GUIMARÃES DE CARVALHO RODRIGUES, Federal University of Para ÉDER BRUNO REBELO DA SILVA, Federal University of Para JOSÉ DE BRITO LOURENÇO-JÚNIOR, Federal University of Para.
Ano de publicação:	2024
Referência:	Animals, v. 14, n. 6, 2024, 879.
Conteúdo:	The objective was to characterize the pastures by grazing cycle, as well as to evaluate the performance of buffaloes in intensive rotational grazing in a silvopastoral system in the eastern Amazon supplemented with agro-industry co-products in order to characterize the grazing cycles, the composition of the fractions, and the carcass yield. Fifteen non-castrated, crossbred water buffaloes (Murrah × Mediterranean) were used. All animals used in the study were clinically healthy and weighed approximately 458 kg. The animals were grazed in a single group, and supplementation (1% of live weight—LW/day) was divided into three treatments: control (control—conventional ingredients); Cocos nucifera coconut cake (Cocos nucifera) (coconut cake—70%); and palm kernel cake (Guinean elaeis) (palm kernel cake—70% palm kernel cake). The chemical composition of the forage is different in each part of the plant, with higher protein values in the leaves (11.40%) and higher acid detergent fiber (ADF) values in the stems (50.03%). Among the ingredients of the supplement, corn has the highest percentage of indigestible protein (35.57%), most of the protein in palm kernel cake is B3 (49.11%), and in Coco, B2 (51.52%). Mombasa grass has a higher percentage of B3 and B2 proteins; the indigestible fraction is lower in the leaves (17.16%). The leaf/stem ratio also varied between grazing cycles, being better in the second cycle (2.11%) and with an overall average of 1.71. Supplement consumption varied between cycles and was higher in the control treatment, with an overall mean of 4.74. There was no difference in daily weight gain and carcass yield, with an average of 1 kg/day and 49.23%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that including supplements based on by-products from the coconut and palm oil agro-industries promotes performance and carcass yields compatible with conventional supplements. Their use reduces production costs, optimizes the utilization of forage mass, enhances the sustainability of the production chain, and, therefore, is recommended.
NAL Thesaurus:	Nutrition Palm kernel cake
Palavras-chave:	Water buffalo Coconut cake Co products Protein fractions Agroforestry systems Pasture supplementation Performance of water buffaloes
Digital Object Identifier:	10.3390/ani14060879
Tipo do material:	Artigo de periódico
Acesso:	openAccess
Aparece nas coleções:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CPPSE)