Título:	Pre-harvest herbicide application reduces the Italian ryegrass seed viability.
Autoria:	CECHIN, J. MAZON, A. RAPHAELLI, S. T. DE O. AGOSTINETTO, D. VARGAS, L.
Afiliação:	JOANEI CECHIN, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas-RS, Brasil.; ALCIMAR MAZON, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas-RS, Brasil.; SILVIO THIAGO DE OLIVEIRA RAPHAELLI, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas-RS, Brasil.; DIRCEU AGOSTINETTO, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas-RS, Brasil.; LEANDRO VARGAS, CNPT.
Ano de publicação:	2020
Referência:	Communications in Plant Sciences, v. 10, p. 46-51, 2020.
Conteúdo:	Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a troublesome weed found in temperate agricultural fields, wherein the future infestations depend on the soil seed bank. The aim of this research was to evaluate Italian ryegrass seed viability subjected to herbicide application in different phenological stages of development. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with four repetitions. Paraquat, ammonium-glufosinate, iodosulfuron-methyl and clethodim herbicides were applied in three development stages (pre-spike, anthesis, and grain filling) and compared to the control. The effects were evaluated by percentage of control at seven, 14, and 28 days after application (DAA), seeds per plant, 1000 seeds weight, and percentage of germination, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, viable and non-viable dormant seeds. Control was greater than 97% at 28 DAA, with a decrease of more 90% for seed per plant, and strong reduction of 1000 seeds weight for the herbicides applied up to the anthesis stage. At the grain filling stage, clethodim reduced seed production by 18% and 1000-seeds weight by 36% compared to the control. Ammonium-glufosinate and paraquat herbicides applied up to the anthesis stage reduced seed viability by more than 98%. Overall, herbicide application reduces seed production, seed weight and viability, especially when applied before the grain filling stage. Highlighted Conclusions 1. Herbicide application up to the anthesis developmental stages reduces seed production, 1000 seeds weight, and seed viability. 2. Paraquat was the best herbicide to reduce seed production per plant, 1000-seeds weight and, viability of Italian ryegrass seeds, regardless of development stages. 3. Reducing future infestations of Italian ryegrass in cropping systems depends on herbicide application before the grain filling.
Palavras-chave:	Lolium multiflorum Lam Burndown Non-viable seed Pre-harvest management Alternative practices
Tipo do material:	Artigo de periódico
Acesso:	openAccess
Aparece nas coleções:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPT)