Título:	Quantifcation of methane emitted by ruminants: a review of methods.
Autoria:	TEDESCHI, L. O. ABDALLA, A. L. ÁLVAREZ, C. ANUGA, S. W. ARANGO, J. BEAUCHEMIN, K. A. BECQUET, P. BERNDT, A. BURNS, R. CAMILLIS, C. de CHARÁ, J. ECHAZARRETA, J. M. HASSOUNA, M. KENNY, D. MATHOT, M. MAURICIO, R. M. MCCLELLAND, S. C. NIU, M. ONYANGO, A. A. PARAJULI, R. PEREIRA, L. G. R. PRADO, A. del TIERI, M. P. UWIZEYE, A. KEBREAB, E.
Afiliação:	LUIS ORLINDO TEDESCHI, Texas A&M University; ADIBE LUIZ ABDALLA, Universidade de São Paulo; CLEMENTINA ÁLVAREZ, TINE SA; SAMUEL WENIGA ANUGA, European University Institute; JACOBO ARANGO, International Center for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT; KAREN A. BEAUCHEMIN, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; PHILIPPE BECQUET, International Feed Industry Federation; ALEXANDRE BERNDT, CPPSE; ROBERT BURNS, University of Tennessee; CAMILLO DE CAMILLIS, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; JULIÁN CHARÁ, Centre for Research on Sustainable Agriculture - CIPAV; JAVIER MARTIN ECHAZARRETA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial - INTI; MÉLYNDA HASSOUNA, INRAE - Institut Agro Rennes Angers; DAVID KENNY, Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre; MICHAEL MATHOT, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre; ROGERIO M. MAURICIO, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei; SHELBY C. MCCLELLAND, Cornell University; MUTIAN NIU, ETH Zurich; ALICE ANYANGO ONYANGO, International Livestock Research Institute - ILRI; RANJAN PARAJULI, EcoEngineers, Des Moine; LUIZ GUSTAVO RIBEIRO PEREIRA, CNPGL; AGUSTIN DEL PRADO, Basque Centre for Climate Change; MARIA PAZ TIERI, Dairy Value Chain Research Institute; AIMABLE UWIZEYE, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; ERMIAS KEBREAB, University of California.
Ano de publicação:	2022
Referência:	Journal of Animal Science, v. 100, n. 7, skac197, 2022.
Páginas:	22 p.
Conteúdo:	The contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ruminant production systems varies between countries and between regions within individual countries. The appropriate quantifcation of GHG emissions, specifcally methane (CH4), has raised questions about the correct reporting of GHG inventories and, perhaps more importantly, how best to mitigate CH4 emissions. This review documents existing methods and methodologies to measure and estimate CH4 emissions from ruminant animals and the manure produced therein over various scales and conditions. Measurements of CH4 have frequently been conducted in research settings using classical methodologies developed for bioenergetic purposes, such as gas exchange techniques (respiration chambers, headboxes). While very precise, these techniques are limited to research settings as they are expensive, labor-intensive, and applicable only to a few animals. Head-stalls, such as the GreenFeed system, have been used to measure expired CH4 for individual animals housed alone or in groups in confnement or grazing. This technique requires frequent animal visitation over the diurnal measurement period and an adequate number of collection days. The tracer gas technique can be used to measure CH4 from individual animals housed outdoors, as there is a need to ensure low background concentrations. Micrometeorological techniques (e.g., openpath lasers) can measure CH4 emissions over larger areas and many animals, but limitations exist, including the need to measure over more extended periods. Measurement of CH4 emissions from manure depends on the type of storage, animal housing, CH4 concentration inside and outside the boundaries of the area of interest, and ventilation rate, which is likely the variable that contributes the greatest to measurement uncertainty. For large-scale areas, aircraft, drones, and satellites have been used in association with the tracer fux method, inverse modeling, imagery, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), but research is lagging in validating these methods. Bottom-up approaches to estimating CH4 emissions rely on empirical or mechanistic modeling to quantify the contribution of individual sources (enteric and manure). In contrast, top-down approaches estimate the amount of CH4 in the atmosphere using spatial and temporal models to account for transportation from an emitter to an observation point. While these two estimation approaches rarely agree, they help identify knowledge gaps and research requirements in practice.
Thesagro:	Bovino Gado Efeito Estufa Dióxido de Carbono Gado Leiteiro Vaca Leiteira Amônia Metano
NAL Thesaurus:	Dairy cattle Greenhouse gas emissions Livestock Dairy cows
Digital Object Identifier:	https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac197
Tipo do material:	Artigo de periódico
Acesso:	openAccess
Aparece nas coleções:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CPPSE)