Title:	Macromineral requirements for maintenance, body weight gain, and pregnancy of dairy cows.
Authors:	CAMISA NOVA, C. H. P. MARCONDES, M. I. VALADARES FILHO, S. C. CAMPOS, M. M. MACHADO, F. S. SILVA, L. H. R. CASTRO, M. M. D. ROTTA, P. P.
Affiliation:	UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOSA; MINER INSTITUTE BERC; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOSA; MARIANA MAGALHAES CAMPOS, CNPGL; FERNANDA SAMARINI MACHADO, CNPGL; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOSA; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOSA; UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOSA.
Date Issued:	2025
Citation:	Journal of Dairy Science, v. 108, n. 7, p. 6958-6977, 2025.
Description:	We aimed to predict macromineral requirements for maintenance, weight gain, and pregnancy in dairy cows. In total, 62 nonlactating cows (initial BW of 522 ± 10.1 kg [mean ± SD], initial age of 5 ± 0.5 yr, and 3 lactations) were enrolled and assigned to 3 groups: pregnant (n = 44), nonpregnant (n = 12), and baseline (n = 6). Baseline cows, which were not inseminated, were harvested at the beginning of the trial to determine the initial body composition. Both pregnant and nonpregnant groups were then divided into 2 feeding treatments: ad libitum or restricted intake at 1.15% of BW (approximating maintenance). Pregnant cows were slaughtered at 140, 200, 240, and 270 d of gestation, and nonpregnant cows were slaughtered at corresponding intervals to compare mineral accretion due to pregnancy. Total-tract digestibility was measured in six 28-d periods (d 122, 150, 178, 206, 234, and 262 of gestation) by collecting DMI, feces, and urine. The net requirements of maintenance (mg/kg of empty BW) for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) were 13.48, 8.35, 4.06, 10.08, 45.89, and 7.82, respectively. For BW gain in pregnant cows, the models for Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, and S were set as Net Cagain = 0.4168 × EBW0.7115 × EBGc; Net Pgain = 0.8441 × EBW0.4762 × EBGc; Net Mggain = 0.0492 × EBW0.4391 × EBGc; Net Kgain = 0.1738 × EBW0.5169 × EBGc; Net Nagain = 0.0284 × EBW0.7880 × EBGc; Net Sgain = 0.2530 × EBW0.7982 × EBGc, respectively; EBW = empty BW, EBGc = empty body gain, carcass and noncarcass. Estimates of net requirements of pregnancy were adjusted as follows: Net Capreg = 0.0042e0.0286×GD; Net Ppreg = 0.0059e0.0253×GD; Net Mgpreg = 0.0006e0.0219×GD; Net Napreg = 0.0197e0.0166×GD; Net Kpreg = 0.0111e0.0176×GD; Net Spreg = 0.0106e0.0181×GD, where GD = gestation days. Finally, we propose an innovative method to estimate the efficiency of macromineral utilization by gestational tissues. The macromineral efficiency for pregnancy (kpreg) for each mineral was modeled as: Ca kpreg = 0.0004e0.0263×GD; P kpreg = 0.2974e0.0048×GD; Mg kpreg = 0.00006e0.0233×GD; K kpreg = 0.0003e0.0234×GD; Na kpreg = 0.0038e0.0200×GD; S kpreg = 0.0004e0.0199×GD. These results provide valuable insights into macromineral requirements in dairy cows and offer innovative approaches to evaluating nutrient efficiency during pregnancy.
Thesagro:	Bovino Gado Leiteiro Nutrição Animal
NAL Thesaurus:	Dairy cattle Mathematical models Minerals Nutrient requirements
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25694
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPGL)