Title:	Diversification of an emerging bacterial plant pathogen: insights into the global spread of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans.
Authors:	TIMILSINA, S. IRUEGAS-BOCARDO, F. JIBRIN, M. O. SHARMA, A. SUBEDI, A. KAUR, A. MINSAVAGE, G. V. HUGUET-TAPIA, J. C. KLEIN-GORDON, J. ADHIKARI, P. ADHIKARI, T. B. CIRVILLERI, G. BARRERA, L. B. T. de la BERNAL, E. CRESWELL, T. C. DOAN, T. T. K. COUTINHO, T. A. EGEL, D. S. FÉLIX, R. FRANCIS, D. M. KEBEDE, M. IVEY, M. L. LOUWS, F. J. LUO, L. MAYNARD, E. T. MILLER, S. A. NGUYEN, N. T. T. OSDAGHI, E. QUEZADO-DUVAL, A. M. ROACH, R. ROTONDO, F. RUHL, G. E. SHUTT, V. M. THUMMABENJAPONE, P. TRUEMAN, C. ROBERTS, P. D. JONES, J. B. VALLAD, G. E. GOSS, E. M.
Affiliation:	SUJAN TIMILSINA, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; FERNANDA IRUEGAS-BOCARDO, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; MUSTAFA O. JIBRIN, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; ANUJ SHARMA, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; AASTHA SUBEDI, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; AMANDEEP KAUR, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; GERALD V. MINSAVAGE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; JOSE C. HUGUET-TAPIA, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; JEANNIE KLEIN-GORDON, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; PRAGYA ADHIKARI, NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY; TIKA B. ADHIKARI, NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY; GABRIELLA CIRVILLERI, UNIVERSITÀ DI CATANIA; LAURA BELEN TAPIA DE LA BARRERA, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACÍON AN ALIMENTACIÓN Y DESARROLLO; EDUARDO BERNAL, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY; TOM C. CRESWELL, PURDUE UNIVERSITY; TIEN THI KIEU DOAN, CAN THO UNIVERSITY; TERESA A. COUTINHO, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA; DANIEL S. EGEL, PURDUE UNIVERSITY; RUBÉN FÉLIX, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE OCCIDENTE; DAVID M. FRANCIS, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY; MISRAK KEBEDE, ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY; MELANIE LEWIS IVEY, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY; FRANK J. LOUWS, NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY; LAIXIN LUO, CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY; ELIZABETH T. MAYNARD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY; SALLY A. MILLER, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY; NGA THI THU NGUYEN, CAN THO UNIVERSITY; EBRAHIM OSDAGHI, UNIVERSITY OF TEHRAN; ALICE MARIA QUEZADO DUVAL, CNPH; REBECCA ROACH, QUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES; FRANCESCA ROTONDO, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY; GAIL E. RUHL, PURDUE UNIVERSITY; VOU M. SHUTT, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA; PETCHARAT THUMMABENJAPONE, UNIVERSITY OF JOS; CHERYL TRUEMAN, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; PAMELA D. ROBERTS, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; JEFFREY B. JONES, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA; GARY E. VALLAD, KHON KAEN UNIVERSITY; ERICA M. GOSS, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA.
Date Issued:	2025
Citation:	Plos Pathogens, v. 21, n. 4, e1013036, 2025.
Pages:	28 p.
Description:	Emerging and re-emerging plant diseases continue to present multifarious threats to global food security. Considerable recent efforts are therefore being channeled towards understanding the nature of pathogen emergence, their spread and evolution. Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans (Xep), one of the causal agents of bacterial spot of tomato, rapidly emerged and displaced other bacterial spot xanthomonads in many tomato production regions around the world. In less than three decades, it has become a dominant xanthomonad pathogen in tomato production systems across the world and presents a compelling example for understanding diversi'cation of recently emerged bacterial plant pathogens. Although Xep has been continuously monitored in Florida since its discovery, the global population structure and evolution at the genome-scale is yet to be fully explored. The objectives of this work were to determine genetic diversity globally to ascertain if different tomato production regions contain genetically distinct Xep populations, to examine genetic relatedness of strains collected in tomato seed production areas in East Asia and other production regions, and to evaluate variation in type III secretion effectors, which are critical pathogenicity and virulence factors, in relationship to population structure. We used genome data from 270 strains from 13 countries for phylogenetic analysis and characterization of type III effector gene diversity among strains. Our results showed notable genetic diversity in the pathogen. We found genetically similar strains in distant tomato production regions, including seed production regions, and diversi'cation over the past 100 years, which is consistent with intercontinental dissemination of the pathogen in hybrid tomato production chains. Evolution of the Xep pangenome, including the acquisition and loss of type III secreted effectors, is apparent within and among phylogenetic lineages. The apparent long-distance movement of the pathogen, together with variants that may not yet be widely distributed, poses risks of emergence of new variants in tomato production.
NAL Thesaurus:	Antibacterial plants Plant pathogens Xanthomonas Tomatoes
ISSN:	1553-7374
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013036
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPH)