Title:	Development and characterization of dairy compound with goat milk powder and rice flour.
Authors:	CARVALHO, A. C. F. VIEIRA, G. M. N. PRESTES, A. A. MARAFON, K. SOUZA, C. K. de ANDRADE, D. R. M. HELM, C. V. GOIS, J. S. de PRUDÊNCIO, E. S.
Affiliation:	ANA CAROLINE FERREIRA CARVALHO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA; GILBERTO MARQUES NUNES VIEIRA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA; AMANDA ALVES PRESTES, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA; KARINE MARAFON, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA; CAROLINA KREBS DE SOUZA, UNIVERSIDADE DE BLUMENAU; DAYANNE REGINA MENDES ANDRADE; CRISTIANE VIEIRA HELM, CNPF; JEFFERSON SANTOS DE GOIS, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO; ELANE SCHWINDEN PRUDÊNCIO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA.
Date Issued:	2025
Citation:	Processes, v. 13, n. 8, 2025.
Description:	Goat milk has lower allergenicity and high commercial value but faces storage limitations, often leading to waste. Converting it into powder increases costs, making blending with non-dairy ingredients, such as rice flour, a viable alternative to reduce costs and potentially improve nutrition. In this this study, we developed five dairy compounds by replacing 10–49% of goat milk powder with rice flour. We evaluated their nutritional and physical properties compared to pure goat milk powder and rice flour. Analyses included water activity, total solids, protein, lipids, energy value, color, flowability, wettability, polyphenol content, mineral profile, and morphology. Higher rice flour content increased water activity and improved wettability but reduced flowability, classifying most compounds as reasonable to fair in flow, except for the 10% rice flour sample. All samples met Brazilian standards, which require ≥13 g/100 g of protein. The dairy compounds showed a yellow-greenish color, with significant color differences compared to goat milk powder, particularly at 49% rice flour. Goat milk powder had higher mineral contents (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn). Total polyphenol content was highest in the 10% rice flour compound, while individual polyphenols were undetectable. Overall, the formulation proved viable for cost reduction while maintaining nutritional quality.
Thesagro:	Leite de Cabra Nutrição Humana Análise Física Análise Química Composição de Alimento
NAL Thesaurus:	Rice flour Goat milk Phenolic compounds Chemical analysis Food composition
Keywords:	Dairy compound Composto lácteo Farinha de arroz Physical analysis
ISSN:	2227-9717
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13082324
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPF)