Título:	Optimizing RGB lighting for lettuce growth in vertical farms with bio-inspired optimization algorithm.
Autor:	ALVES, R. G. LIMA, F. GUEDES, I. M. R. GIMENEZ, S. P.
Afiliación:	RAFAEL GOMES ALVES, CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DA FEI; FÁBIO LIMA, CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DA FEI; ITALO MORAES ROCHA GUEDES, CNPH; SALVADOR PINILLOS GIMENEZ, PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO.
Año:	2026
Referencia:	IEEE Internet of Things Journal, v. 13, n. 5, p. 9192-9210, Mar. 2026.
Descripción:	Vertical farming offers a controlled environment for food production in regions where land scarcity and environmental stress are prevalent. This study presents a bio-inspired optimization strategy for refining the spectral composition of red, green, and blue (RGB) light from light-emitting diode (LED) to enhance crop performance. A genetic algorithm (GA) was employed to iteratively adjust spectral ratios in 2.5-day intervals over a single 25-day practical growth cycle. The algorithm employed selection, crossover, and mutation operators, targeting a weighted-sum fitness function based on key morphological traits, including fresh weight, height, width, and the number of leaves. An experimental trial was conducted under controlled conditions, with identical light intensity and photoperiod for both RGB treatments and a cold-white LED reference. The primary finding is that the optimization process successfully converged on a stable compo sition of approximately 67% red, 13% green, and 20% blue, which is consistent with prior studies on photosynthetic efficiency. This convergence validates the GA’s ability to autonomously discover a scientifically backed recipe from a neutral baseline. A final statistical analysis of the individual plant traits revealed a complex, multiobjective response, with plant height being the most statistically responsive parameter, while differences in the final biomass and leaf count were not statistically significant under the tested conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of evolutionary algorithms for solving complex, multi objective optimization problems in vertical farming, supporting the development of adaptive lighting strategies.
Thesagro:	Cultivo Protegido Iluminação Artificial
Palabras clave:	Fazenda vertical Agricultura em ambiente controlado
ISSN:	2327-4662
Tipo de Material:	Artigo de periódico
Acceso:	openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPH)