Title:	Proceedings of a Conference: Training in the Control of Sirex noctilio by the Use of Natural Enemies Colombo, Brazil, november 4 to 9, 1996.
Editors:	IEDE, E. T. SCHAITZA, E. G. PENTEADO, S. do R. C. REARDON, R. C. MURPHY, S. J.
Affiliation:	EDSON TADEU IEDE, CNPF; ERICH GOMES SCHAITZA, CNPF; SUSETE DO ROCIO CHIARELLO PENTEADO, CNPF.
Date Issued:	1998
Citation:	Colombo: EMBRAPA-CNPF; Morgantown: USDA, Forest Service, Forest Health Tecnhnology Enterprise Team; Berkshire: Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International, 1998.
Pages:	104 p.
Description:	In South America, the rate of afforestation with exotic pines has dramatically increased during the last two decades. The countries of South America are dependent on plantations of fast-growing trees to help meet their national needs for lumber, pulpwood, fuelwood, and other wood products. Also, these plantations alleviate the pressure on some naturally occurring species in areas such as the Amazon Basin, Atlantic Forest, and Auraucaria Forest. There are presently 5.0 million hectares of forest plantations in Brazil, of which 2.0 million hectares consist of various species of pines. Pines in South America were relatively pest-free; however, in the early 1990s, several species of insects and fungi were accidentally introduced into the continent. These pests have caused widespread, serious damage. Several pest species now threaten the future viability of pine, as well as tree biodiversity as a component of South American forestry programs. Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), is native to southern Europe, the Near East, and north Africa, where it is a secondary invader in the boles of weakened and dying pines. It is not considered a pest in its native habitat. This horntail is associated with a fungus, Amylostereum areolatum, which is toxic to certain pines. By the mid 1980s, S. noctilio was causing extensive mortality in New Zealand, Tasmania, and Australia. Sirex noctilio was first reported in South America (in Uruguay in 1980). In 1988 it was found in the southern part of Brazil. It has caused widespread losses, and, in some local cases, has resulted in over sixty-percent mortality in pine plantations in Brazil and neighboring countries. In Brazil, the insect presently occurs in the southern states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná, and covers an area of approximately 200,000 hectares of pine plantations. This region contains approximately sixty percent of the country's pine plantations. Current annual losses attributed to S. noctilio in this region are estimated at US$ 5 million. There is a tremendous potential for further spread of this pest in South America, especially into Chile, which has in excess of 1.3 million hectares of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.) plantations. Additionally, countries such as the United States are potentially threatened by S. noctilio as international trade increases, During the first meeting of the Permanent Working Group on Silvo-Agricultural Health, held in Brazil in 1992, the southern cone countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay) identified S. noctilio as the pest that poses the greatest threat to conifer plantations in South America. Also in 1992, a regional conference on Sirex noctilio was held in Florianópolis, Brazil. It was attended by representatives from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, United States, and Venezuela. This was the first South American Regional Conference held to address a forest pest. Recommendations from the conference included creation of à national program to control S. noctilio that emphasizes biological control, using a complex of parasites, nematodes, and silvicultural methods (Ciesla 1993). Brazil is a key country for U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service international activities, because of its large arca of forested land (13 percent of the world's closed natural forest arca, more than 30 percent of the closed broad-leaved forest of the tropics, and 33 percent of the total plantation area). The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service has à unique capacity to advance the science and practice of sustainable forest management. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service activities within Brazil are carried out through Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) with the National Resources Institute (IBAMA) and the Brazilian Agricultural Corporation (EMBRAPA). One aspect of these MOUSs is to advance restoration and maintenance of forest health by assisting in reducing the spread of insects, diseases, and weeds that could impact Brazil and the United States. In 1994, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service formed a comprehensive agreement with CABI Bioscience, Ascot, U.K. (formerly the International Institute of Biological Control) and several Australian organizations, in order to take advantage of other international expertise in the biological control of S. noctilio. Through this collaboration, and recognizing the recommendation of the 1992 workshop, a program of shipments of S. noctilio parasitoids from Australia to Brazil was begun in 1996. This international workshop on biological control, held at EMBRAPA, Colombo, PR State, Brazil, in November 1996, provided technical underpinning for this activity. The main purpose of the workshop was to provide a forum for countries to update the exchange of information on S. noctilio and to provide training in parasitoid rearing, release, and evaluation methods. Participants included representatives from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, South Africa, Australia, and the U.K. This Proceedings provides a record of the presentations at the workshop. In 1997, a three-year participating agreement between the EMBRAPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (97-PA-002) was signed. This agreement allows the parties to continue to work cooperatively on the development of an integrated pest management program for Sirex noctilio.
Thesagro:	Inimigo Natural Sirex Noctilio Vespa da Madeira
NAL Thesaurus:	natural enemies
Keywords:	Congresso Controle Congress Control
Notes:	Publicado em duas línguas. Titulo em português: Atas do Treinamento sobre Uso de Inimigos Naturais para o Controle de Sirex noctilio.
Type of Material:	Anais e Proceedings de eventos
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Livro científico (CNPF)