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dc.contributor.authorSCHWARZ, R. S.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorTEIXEIRA, E. W.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorTAUBER, J. P.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorBIRKE, J. M.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorMARTINS, M. F.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorFONSECA, I.pt_BR
dc.contributor.authorEVANS, J. D.pt_BR
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-26T06:56:32Z-
dc.date.available2014-07-26T06:56:32Z-
dc.date.created2014-06-03pt_BR
dc.date.issued2014pt_BR
dc.identifier.citationMicrobiology Open, v. 3, n. 3, p. 341-355, 2014.pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/987566pt_BR
dc.descriptionTwo species of Spiroplasma (Mollicutes) bacteria were isolated from and described as pathogens of the European honey bee, Apis mellifera, ∼30 years ago but recent information on them is lacking despite global concern to understand bee population declines. Here we provide a comprehensive survey for the prevalence of these two Spiroplasma species in current populations of honey bees using improved molecular diagnostic techniques to assay multiyear colony samples from North America (U.S.A.) and South America (Brazil). Significant annual and seasonal fluctuations of Spiroplasma apis and Spiroplasma melliferum prevalence in colonies from the U.S.A. (n = 616) and Brazil (n = 139) occurred during surveys from 2011 through 2013. Overall, 33% of U.S.A. colonies and 54% of Brazil colonies were infected by Spiroplasma spp., where S. melliferum predominated over S. apis in both countries (25% vs. 14% and 44% vs. 38% frequency, respectively). Colonies were co-infected by both species more frequently than expected in both countries and at a much higher rate in Brazil (52%) compared to the U.S.A. (16.5%). U.S.A. samples showed that both species were prevalent not only during spring, as expected from prior research, but also during other seasons. These findings demonstrate that the model of honey bee spiroplasmas as springtime-restricted pathogens needs to be broadened and their role as occasional pathogens considered in current contexts.eng
dc.language.isoengpt_BR
dc.rightsopenAccesspt_BR
dc.subjectFlower microbe communitiespt_BR
dc.subjectHost-parasite interactionpt_BR
dc.subjectMicrobial prevalencept_BR
dc.subjectSymbiontpt_BR
dc.subjectTemporal surveypt_BR
dc.titleHoney bee colonies act as reservoirs for two Spiroplasma facultative symbionts and incur complex, multiyear infection dynamics.pt_BR
dc.typeArtigo de periódicopt_BR
dc.date.updated2014-07-26T06:56:32Zpt_BR
dc.subject.nalthesaurusSpiroplasmapt_BR
dc.format.extent215 p.pt_BR
riaa.ainfo.id987566pt_BR
riaa.ainfo.lastupdate2014-07-25pt_BR
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmbo3.172eng
dc.contributor.institutionRYAN S. SCHWARZ, Bee Research Lab, USDA; ERICA WEINSTEIN TEIXEIRA, APTA-SP; JAMES P. TAUBER, Bee Research Lab, USDA; JULIANE M. BIRKE, Bee Research Lab, USDA; MARTA FONSECA MARTINS, CNPGL; ISABELA FONSECA; JAY D. EVANS, Bee Research Lab, USDA.pt_BR
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