Title:	Fermentative characteristics, nutritional aspects, aerobic stability, and microbial populations of total mixed ration silages based on relocated sorghum silage and cactus pear for sheep diets.
Authors:	SILVA, C. de S. ARAUJO, G. G. L. de SANTOS, E. M. OLIVEIRA, J. S. de SILVA, T. G. F. da ARAÚJO, C. de A. NOVAES, J. J. da S. MACEDO, A. ARAÚJO, J. S. de LIMA, D. O. SANTOS, F. N. de S. CAMPOS, F. S. GOIS, G. C.
Affiliation:	CRISLANE DE SOUZA SILVA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO; GHERMAN GARCIA LEAL DE ARAUJO, CPATSA; EDSON MAURO SANTOS, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA; JULIANA SILVA DE OLIVEIRA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA; THIERES GEORGE FREIRE DA SILVA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO; CLEYTON DE ALMEIDA ARAÚJO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO; JUDICAEL JANDERSON DA SILVA NOVAES, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO; AMÉLIA DE MACEDO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO; JANIELE SANTOS DE ARAÚJO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO; DENESON OLIVEIRA LIMA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO MARANHÃO; FRANCISCO NAYSSON DE SOUSA SANTOS, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO MARANHÃO; FLEMING SENA CAMPOS, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO MARANHÃO; GLAYCIANE COSTA GOIS, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO MARANHÃO.
Date Issued:	2025
Citation:	Agronomy, v. 15, n. 2, 2025.
Description:	Total mixed ration silage has been used as a strategy to optimize the use of dry and wet feed in ruminant feeding. Another promising technique is silage reallocation, which allows producers to divide the ensiled material in large silos into smaller units that can be easily transported and marketed. Thus, this study aimed to improve food preservation through the development of total mixed rations (TMRs) based on relocated sorghum silage (RSS) and cactus pear for sheep diets. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments (0, 15, 25, 30, and 35% RSS inclusion on a dry matter basis) and five replicates. Ninety days after ensiling, the silos were opened. The fermentation characteristics, nutritional aspects, aerobic stability, and microbial populations of TMR silages were evaluated. The inclusion of RSS showed a quadratic effect on pH, density, permeability, lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts, and total carbohydrates (p < 0.05). It reduced gas and effluent losses, porosity, ammonia nitrogen, buffer capacity, ash, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fibrous carbohydrates (p < 0.05) while increasing dry matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents (p < 0.05). There was an interaction effect between the levels of RSS inclusion and exposure times to air on CO2 and dry matter content (p < 0.05). Regarding carbohydrate fractionation, there was a reduction in fraction A + B1 (non-fibrous carbohydrates) and an increase in fractions B2 (fibrous carbohydrates from the cell wall and of slow ruminal availability, susceptible to the effects of the passage rate) and C (indigestible neutral detergent fiber) (p < 0.05). For protein fractionation, a quadratic effect was observed for fractions A (non-protein nitrogen) and C (insoluble protein, indigestible in the rumen and intestine), an increase in fraction B1 (soluble protein rapidly degraded in the rumen) + B2 (insoluble protein with intermediate degradation rate in the rumen), and a reduction in fraction B3 (insoluble protein with slow degradation rate in the rumen) (p < 0.05) as RSS levels increased. Under the experimental conditions, it is recommended to include up to 30% RSS in the total mixed ration silage to improve microbiological characteristics, reduce gas and effluent losses, and increase dry matter recovery and nutritional aspects of silage when associated with cactus pear.
Thesagro:	Ovino Palma Forrageira Silagem Composição Química Forragem Carboidrato
NAL Thesaurus:	Opuntia stricta Sheep
Keywords:	Silagem mista Realocação de silagem Silagem de capim
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020506
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CPATSA)