Title:	How seasonality may shape key phenolic compounds of Eugenia punicifolia: a study driven by NMR Metabolomics.
Authors:	NEVES, K. O. G. SILVA, S. O. CRUZ, M. S. CHAVES, F. C. M. MACHADO, M. B. SANTOS, A. D. C.
Affiliation:	KIDNEY O. G. NEVES, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS; SAMUEL O. SILVA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS; MARINILDO S. CRUZ, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS; FRANCISCO CELIO MAIA CHAVES, CPAA; MARCOS B. MACHADO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS; ALAN DIEGO C SANTOS, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA.
Date Issued:	2025
Citation:	ACS Omega, v. 10, n. 38, p. 44738-44748, 2025.
Description:	Eugenia punicifolia DC., a medicinal plant rich in bioactive phenolics, has shown promising results regarding its potential in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. This study investigated the seasonal influence on the chemical profile of leaf extracts (methanol:ethanol:water, 3:1:1) using 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed distinct metabolic patterns associated with rainy (Feb-May), dry (Sep-Nov), and transitional (Jan, Jun, Jul, and Dec) periods. The PLS-DA model showed high predictive power (R2 > 0.85, Q2 > 0.85), identifying quercetin, myricetin, gallic acid, catechin, and epigallocatechin as seasonal markers. Significant correlations were found between metabolite levels and environmental variables, such as temperature, rainfall, and sunlight exposure. These results demonstrate that abiotic factors regulate the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, reflecting the plant’s adaptive responses. The study offers a scientific basis for optimizing harvest timing and enhances understanding of the ecological and pharmacological potential of E. punicifolia, providing valuable insights into the development of standardized herbal medicines and phytoproducts.
Thesagro:	Planta Medicinal
NAL Thesaurus:	Antioxidants Aromatic compounds Flavonoids Gallic acid Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Keywords:	Plants Eugenia punicifolia
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CPAA)