Título:	SWAT model and drought indices: a systematic review of progress, challenges and opportunities.
Autor:	MARTINS, L. L. MARTINS, W. A. FERREIRA, M. E. C. MORAES, J. F. L. de BOLFE, E. L. BLAIN, G. C.
Afiliación:	LETÍCIA LOPES MARTINS; WANDER ARAÚJO MARTINS, INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DE CAMPINAS; MARIA EDUARDA CRUZ FERREIRA, INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DE CAMPINAS; JENER FERNANDO LEITE DE MORAES, INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DE CAMPINAS; EDSON LUIS BOLFE, CNPTIA, UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS; GABRIEL CONSTANTINO BLAIN, INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DE CAMPINAS.
Año:	2025
Referencia:	Water, v. 18, n. 1, 41, Jan. 2026.
Descripción:	Drought is a natural phenomenon that has significant environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Drought indices are fundamental tools for quantifying and monitoring this hazard. In regions where ground data are scarce, hydrological modeling offers an alternative for drought monitoring and developing early warning systems. This study conducted a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, to analyze the integrated application of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model and the use of drought indices. A total of 803 articles published between 2011 and 2025 were identified in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, of which 115 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The analysis revealed significant advances in the use of SWAT for drought monitoring and prediction, including the development of indices and forecasting systems. However, notable gaps remain, particularly the limited use of advanced statistical methodologies (e.g., machine learning and non-stationarity analyses) and the lack of harmonization and standardization across indices. Overall, this review establishes SWAT as a robust tool to support drought management strategies, while highlighting substantial untapped potential. Future research addressing these gaps is essential to strengthen drought indices and improve operational warning systems.
NAL Thesaurus:	Drought
Palabras clave:	Modelagem hidrológica Modelo hidrológico SWAT Avaliação da seca Índices de seca Protocolo PRISMA Soil and Water Assessment Tool
ISSN:	2073-4441
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010041
Tipo de Material:	Artigo de periódico
Acceso:	openAccess
Aparece en las colecciones:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPTIA)