Title:	Effects of culture aeration and the C:N ratio on propagule production by submerged cultivation of Clonostachys rosea and its antifungal metabolite profiling.
Authors:	MASCARIN, G. M. ASSALIN, M. R. KOBORI, N. N. BETTIOL, W.
Affiliation:	GABRIEL MOURA MASCARIN, CNPMA; MARCIA REGINA ASSALIN, CNPMA; NILCE NAOMI KOBORI; WAGNER BETTIOL, CNPMA.
Date Issued:	2025
Citation:	MicrobiologyOpen, v. 14, n. 6, e70162, 2025.
Description:	Abstract: Clonostachys rosea is a necrotrophic mycoparasite studied for biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold that causes economic losses in several common fruits and vegetables. This study evaluated how the culture aeration, manipulated through the medium‐to‐flask volume ratio, affects the submerged production of conidia and microsclerotia, key propagules for disease control. A low medium‐to‐flask ratio (1:5), which enhances aeration, significantly increased propagule yields. A high C:N ratio (50:1) favored submerged conidia production under elevated aeration, while microsclerotia formed only with low C:N (10:1) and boosted under high aeration. These propagules, along with cell‐free culture filtrates, were formulated into water‐dispersible microgranules and tested for efficacy against gray mold on cherry tomatoes. All formulations reduced disease incidence. UPLC ESI–QTOF–MS analysis of the organic extract from the culture filtrate revealed sorbicillinoids as the major antifungal metabolites. Overall, this study highlights the role of aeration in optimizing C. rosea submerged cultivation and supports the potential of its propagules and metabolites for use in biocontrol strategies against postharvest disease induced by B. cinerea.
Thesagro:	Fungo Para Controle Biológico Botrytis Cinerea Mofo Cinzento Doença de Planta Pós-Colheita
NAL Thesaurus:	Biological control agents Antifungal properties Gray mold Pesticide formulations Aeration Postharvest diseases Secondary metabolites
Keywords:	Biofungicide Microgranular formulation
ISSN:	2045-8827
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPMA)