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dc.contributor.authorTIMILSINA, S.
dc.contributor.authorIRUEGAS-BOCARDO, F.
dc.contributor.authorJIBRIN, M. O.
dc.contributor.authorSHARMA, A.
dc.contributor.authorSUBEDI, A.
dc.contributor.authorKAUR, A.
dc.contributor.authorMINSAVAGE, G. V.
dc.contributor.authorHUGUET-TAPIA, J. C.
dc.contributor.authorKLEIN-GORDON, J.
dc.contributor.authorADHIKARI, P.
dc.contributor.authorADHIKARI, T. B.
dc.contributor.authorCIRVILLERI, G.
dc.contributor.authorBARRERA, L. B. T. de L.
dc.contributor.authorBERNAL, E.
dc.contributor.authorCRESWELL, T. C.
dc.contributor.authorDOAN, T. T. K.
dc.contributor.authorCOUTINHO, T. A.
dc.contributor.authorEGEL, D. S.
dc.contributor.authorFÉLIX-GASTÉLUM, R.
dc.contributor.authorFRANCIS, D. M.
dc.contributor.authorKEBEDE, M.
dc.contributor.authorIVEY, M. L.
dc.contributor.authorLOUWS, F. J.
dc.contributor.authorLUO, L.
dc.contributor.authorMAYNARD, E. T.
dc.contributor.authorMILLER, S. A.
dc.contributor.authorNGUYEN, N. T. T.
dc.contributor.authorOSDAGHI, E.
dc.contributor.authorQUEZADO-DUVAL, A. M.
dc.contributor.authorROACH, R.
dc.contributor.authorROTONDO, F.
dc.contributor.authorRUHL, G. E.
dc.contributor.authorSHUTT, V. M.
dc.contributor.authorTHUMMABENJAPONE, P.
dc.contributor.authorTRUEMAN, C.
dc.contributor.authorROBERTS, P. D.
dc.contributor.authorJONES, J. B.
dc.contributor.authorVALLAD, G. E.
dc.contributor.authorGOSS, E. M.
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-26T13:55:07Z-
dc.date.available2026-02-26T13:55:07Z-
dc.date.created2026-02-26
dc.date.issued2025
dc.identifier.citationPLOS Pathogens, v. 21, n. 4, e1013036, 2025.
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1184706-
dc.descriptionEmerging and re-emerging plant diseases continue to present multifarious threats to global food security. Considerable recent efforts are therefore being channeled towards understanding the nature of pathogen emergence, their spread and evolution. Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans (Xep), one of the causal agents of bacterial spot of tomato, rapidly emerged and displaced other bacterial spot xanthomonads in many tomato production regions around the world. In less than three decades, it has become a dominant xanthomonad pathogen in tomato production systems across the world and presents a compelling example for understanding diversification of recently emerged bacterial plant pathogens. Although Xep has been continuously monitored in Florida since its discovery, the global population structure and evolution at the genome-scale is yet to be fully explored. The objectives of this work were to determine genetic diversity globally to ascertain if different tomato production regions contain genetically distinct Xep populations, to examine genetic relatedness of strains collected in tomato seed production areas in East Asia and other production regions, and to evaluate variation in type III secretion effectors, which are critical pathogenicity and virulence factors, in relationship to population structure. We used genome data from 270 strains from 13 countries for phylogenetic analysis and characterization of type III effector gene diversity among strains. Our results showed notable genetic diversity in the pathogen. We found genetically similar strains in distant tomato production regions, including seed production regions, and diversification over the past 100 years, which is consistent with intercontinental dissemination of the pathogen in hybrid tomato production chains. Evolution of the Xep pangenome, including the acquisition and loss of type III secreted effectors, is apparent within and among phylogenetic lineages. The apparent long-distance movement of the pathogen, together with variants that may not yet be widely distributed, poses risks of emergence of new variants in tomato production.
dc.language.isoeng
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.subjectXanthomonas euvesicatoria pv perforans
dc.titleDiversification of an emerging bacterial plant pathogen; insights into the global spread of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans.
dc.typeArtigo de periódico
dc.subject.thesagroTomate
dc.subject.thesagroSegurança Alimentar
dc.subject.thesagroMancha Bacteriana
dc.subject.nalthesaurusBacterial diseases of plants
dc.format.extent228 p.
riaa.ainfo.id1184706
riaa.ainfo.lastupdate2026-02-26
dc.identifier.doiorg/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013036
dc.contributor.institutionSUJAN TIMILSINA, UNIVERSIDADE DA FLORIDA
dc.contributor.institutionFERNANDA IRUEGAS-BOCARDOeng
dc.contributor.institutionMUSTAFA O. JIBRINeng
dc.contributor.institutionANUJ SHARMAeng
dc.contributor.institutionAASTHA SUBEDIeng
dc.contributor.institutionAMANDEEP KAUReng
dc.contributor.institutionGERALD V. MINSAVAGEeng
dc.contributor.institutionJOSE C. HUGUET-TAPIAeng
dc.contributor.institutionJEANNIE KLEIN-GORDONeng
dc.contributor.institutionPRAGYA ADHIKARIeng
dc.contributor.institutionTIKA B. ADHIKARIeng
dc.contributor.institutionGABRIELLA CIRVILLERIeng
dc.contributor.institutionLAURA BELEN TAPIA DE LA BARRERAeng
dc.contributor.institutionEDUARDO BERNALeng
dc.contributor.institutionTOM C. CRESWELLeng
dc.contributor.institutionTIEN THI KIEU DOANeng
dc.contributor.institutionTERESA A. COUTINHOeng
dc.contributor.institutionDANIEL S. EGELeng
dc.contributor.institutionRUBÉN FÉLIX-GASTÉLUMeng
dc.contributor.institutionDAVID M. FRANCISeng
dc.contributor.institutionMISRAK KEBEDEeng
dc.contributor.institutionMELANIE LEWIS IVEYeng
dc.contributor.institutionFRANK J. LOUWSeng
dc.contributor.institutionLAIXIN LUOeng
dc.contributor.institutionELIZABETH T. MAYNARDeng
dc.contributor.institutionSALLY A. MILLEReng
dc.contributor.institutionNGA THI THU NGUYENeng
dc.contributor.institutionEBRAHIM OSDAGHIeng
dc.contributor.institutionALICE M. QUEZADO-DUVAL, CNPHeng
dc.contributor.institutionREBECCA ROACHeng
dc.contributor.institutionFRANCESCA ROTONDOeng
dc.contributor.institutionGAIL E. RUHLeng
dc.contributor.institutionVOU M. SHUTTeng
dc.contributor.institutionPETCHARAT THUMMABENJAPONEeng
dc.contributor.institutionCHERYL TRUEMANeng
dc.contributor.institutionPAMELA D. ROBERTSeng
dc.contributor.institutionJEFFREY B. JONESeng
dc.contributor.institutionGARY E. VALLADeng
dc.contributor.institutionERICA M. GOSS.eng
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