Title:	Energy and water balance assessments in a rainfed corn crop by using aerial camera onboard unmanned aerial vehicle.
Authors:	TEIXEIRA, A. H. DE C. LOUREIRO, D. SOUZA, R. CRUZ, J. GONZAGA, M. LEIVAS, J. F. TAKEMURA, C. M. ALMEIDA, A.
Affiliation:	ANTÔNIO HERIBERTO DE CASTRO TEIXEIRA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE; DIEGO LOUREIRO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE; RICHARD SOUZA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE; JLYEL CRUZ, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE; MARIA GONZAGA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE; JANICE FREITAS LEIVAS, CNPM; CELINA MAKI TAKEMURA, CNPM; ANDRÉ ALMEIDA, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SERGIPE.
Date Issued:	2026
Citation:	Recent Progress in Sciences, v. 3, n. 1, 2026.
Pages:	16 p.
Description:	Abstract: Energy and water balance assessments were caried out an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in rainfed corn crop. The effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizing cover levels were analyzed for supporting precision agriculture. Strong differences in the magnitude of the energy and water balance components were per-ceived according to the levels of N cover fertilizations along the crop stages, but the ratios of latent (λE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes to net radiation (Rn) stabilizing with N at 200 kg ha-1. The average Rnvalues ranged from 4.2 MJ m-2d-1to 9.8 MJ m-2d-1; for λE, the rates were from 2.0 MJ m-2d-1 to 8.0 MJ m-2d-1; for H from -1.2 MJ m-2d-1to 3.6 MJ m-2d-1; and for G between 0.1 MJ m-2d-1and 0.7 MJ m-2d-1. These values returned to different energy partitions, averaging 43 to 113% for λE/Rn, -17% to 54% for H/Rn, and 2% to 7% for G/Rn. The evapotranspiration fraction (Ef), i.e., the ratio of λE to available energy (Rn–G) and rswere taken as root-zone moisture indicators, both presenting high correlations with field measured biomass production (BIO), and productivity (Pr), with R2above 0.90. Comparing Pr with Ef, the highest correlation when plants were with six leaves indicated that corn yield can be estimated from the modelled root zone moisture before harvest. The most important finding is that the models can be applied to estimate λE and H with high resolution aerial cameras without the thermal bands. The energy and water balance modelling demonstrated suitability for corn crop management, indicating the poten-tial for applying these equations in other climatically suitable regions.
NAL Thesaurus:	Remote sensing
Keywords:	Net radiation Latent heat flux Sensible heat flux
DOI:	10.70462/rps.2026.3.002
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPM)