Title:	From block freeze concentration by-product to active biodegradable packaging: utilization of the ice fraction from pinhão failure extract.
Authors:	CARVALHO, A. C. F. MARAFON, K. PRESTES, A. A. PREBIANCA, J. ANDRADE, D. R. M. HELM, C. V. GOIS, J. S. de TEDESCHI, P. SOUZA, C. K. de PRUDÊNCIO, E. S.
Affiliation:	ANA CAROLINE FERREIRA CARVALHO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA; KARINE MARAFON, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA; AMANDA ALVES PRESTES, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA; JULIA PREBIANCA, UNIVERSIDADE REGIONAL DE BLUMENAU; DAYANNE REGINA MENDES ANDRADE, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ; CRISTIANE VIEIRA HELM, CNPF; JEFFERSON SANTOS DE GOIS, UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO; PAOLA TEDESCHI, UNIVERSITY OF FERRARA; CAROLINA KREBS DE SOUZA, UNIVERSIDADE REGIONAL DE BLUMENAU; ELANE SCHWINDEN PRUDÊNCIO, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA.
Date Issued:	2026
Citation:	Journal of Agricultural Sciences Research, v. 6, n. 3, p. 1-30, 2026.
Description:	The ice fraction generated during block freeze concentration is commonly regarded as a low-value by-product despite retaining appreciable amounts of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the use of the ice fraction (I2) obtained from the second stage of block freeze concentration of Pinhão failure (Araucaria angustifolia) extract as a functional additive in biodegradable starch/carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) films. The block freeze concentration process showed progressive enrichment of gallic acid, with concentration factors of 9.90, 22.13, and 22.50 for C1, C2, and C3, respectively. The second concentration stage exhibited the highest process efficiency (53.54%), and its ice fraction (I2) was selected for film production. Films containing I2 (FI2) exhibited lower thickness and moisture content than the control film, while presenting higher water vapor permeability and contact angle values. The incorporation of I2 significantly improved tensile strength and elongation at break without affecting Young’s modulus. FTIR analysis suggested intermolecular interactions between compounds retained in the ice fraction and the polymeric matrix, while SEM micrographs revealed a continuous and homogeneous structure. FI2 also exhibited antioxidant activity and pH-responsive color changes, indicating potential application as an active and intelligent packaging material. Although the incorporation of I2 slightly delayed biodegradation, complete degradation was achieved within 42 days under soil burial conditions. These results demonstrate that the ice fraction recovered from block freeze concentration can be successfully valorized as a functional ingredient for the development of sustainable biodegradable packaging materials.
Thesagro:	Pinhão Araucária Angustifólia Biofilme Embalagem
NAL Thesaurus:	Biodegradable products Biofilm Packaging films
Keywords:	Economia circular Circular economy
ISSN:	2764-0973
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.0973632628055
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPF)