Title:	Evaluating tropical forest classification and field sampling stratification from lidar to reduce effort and enable landscape monitoring.
Authors:	PAPA, D. de A. ALMEIDA, D. R. A. de SILVA, C. A. FIGUEIREDO, E. O. STARK, S. C. VALBUENA, R. RODRIGUEZ, L. C. E. OLIVEIRA, M. V. N. d'
Affiliation:	DANIEL DE ALMEIDA PAPA, CPAF-AC; Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, ESALQ/USP; Carlos Alberto Silva, University of Maryland, Geographical Sciences Department, USA; EVANDRO ORFANO FIGUEIREDO, CPAF-AC; Scott C. Stark, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Ruben Valbuena, Bangor University, School of Natural Sciences, United Kingdom; Luiz Carlos Estraviz Rodriguez, ESALQ/USP; MARCUS VINICIO NEVES D OLIVEIRA, CPAF-AC.
Date Issued:	2020
Citation:	Forest Ecology and Management, v. 457, 1176342019, Feb. 2020.
Description:	In high biodiversity areas, such as the Amazon, forest inventory is a challenge due to large variations in vegetation structure and inaccessibility. Capturing the full gradient of variability requires the acquisition of a large number of sample plots. Pre-stratified inventory is an efficient strategy that reduces sampling effort and cost. Low-cost remote sensing techniques may significantly expand pre-stratification capacity; however, the simplest option, satellite optical imagery, cannot detect small variations in primary forests. Alternatively, three-dimensional information obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS, a.k.a. airborne lidar) has been successfully used to estimate structural parameters in tropical forests. Our objective was to assess to what extent forest plot sampling effort could be reduced, while accurately estimating mean vegetation characteristics in the landscape, by stratifying with ALS structural properties, relative to a random, uniformed conventional approach. The study was developed in an 800-ha area of wet Amazonian forest (Acre, Brazil), including portions of palms, bamboo and dense forest. We estimated relevant structural attributes from ALS: canopy height, openness, rugosity and fractions of leaf area index (LAI) along the vertical profile. We clustered vegetation to define heterogeneity into structural types, employing the Ward method and Euclidean distance. Also, principal component analysis was employed to characterize the groups using field and ALS-derived structural attributes. We simulated sampling intensities to estimate the gain in reducing the field efforts based on pre-stratified and non-stratified forest inventory scenarios. The resulting stratification clearly distinguished the forest?s structural variation gradient and the vegetation density profile. For a fixed uncertainty of 10% in basal area estimation, the ALS-aided stratified inventory reduced the necessary number of field plots by 41%, relative to simple random sampling. The resulting reduction in sampling effort can offset the cost of ALS data collection, significantly enhancing its financial feasibility. In addition, ALS provides broad-coverage quantifications of basal area (or aboveground carbon stock), canopy structure, and accurate terrain characterization, which have an added value for forest management.
Thesagro:	Administração Florestal Floresta Tropical Inventário Florestal Amostragem População de Planta Sensoriamento Remoto Raio Laser Estrutura Vegetal Campo Experimental Análise Estatística
NAL Thesaurus:	Tropical forests Forest management Plant characteristics Remote sensing Lidar Forest canopy Canopy gaps Leaf area index Cluster analysis Statistical analysis
Keywords:	Manejo florestal Field forest inventory Filed sampling Amostragem de campo Características de plantas Cubierta forestal Espacios vacíos en el dosel Índice de área foliar Análisis de conglomerados Análisis estadístico Embrapa Acre Rio Branco (AC) Acre Amazônia Ocidental Western Amazon Amazonia Occidental
ISSN:	0378-1127
DOI:	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117634
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CPAF-AC)