Title:	Affordable nutrient density in Brazil: nutrient profiling in relation to food cost and NOVA category assignments.
Authors:	MENDOZA-VELÁZQUEZ, A. LARA-ARÉVALO, J. SIQUEIRA, K. B. GUZMÁN-RODRÍGUEZ, M. DREWNOWSKI, A.
Affiliation:	ALFONSO MENDOZA-VELÁZQUEZ, University of Washington; JONATHAN LARA-ARÉVALO, University of Washington; KENNYA BEATRIZ SIQUEIRA, CNPGL; MARIANO GUZMÁN-RODRÍGUEZ, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla; ADAM DREWNOWSKI, University of Washington.
Date Issued:	2022
Citation:	Nutrients, v. 14, 4256, 2022.
Description:	Affordable nutrient density is provided by low-cost and nutrient-rich foods. We explored nutrient density, cost, and NOVA category assignments within and across food groups in Brazil. The nutrient density of the foods (n = 591) was assessed using the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) based on protein, fiber, vitamin A (RAE), vitamin C, vitamin E (mg), Ca, Fe, K and Mg; and NRF6.3 score for priority nutrients: Ca, Fe, Zn, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and folate. Nutrients to limit (LIM) were saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium. Affordability was defined as the ratio of energy and/or nutrient density of foods and retail price per 100 kcal. Foods were classified as minimally processed (n = 106), processed (n = 188), ultra-processed (n = 286), and culinary ingredients (n = 11). Nutrient density was positively linked to per 100 kcal food cost. Ultra-processed foods (UPF) contained more energy, fat, sugar, and salt and had lower NRF scores compared to minimally processed (MPF) foods. UPF was also less expensive than MPF foods. Nutrient-rich foods below the median per 100 kcal costs included MPF foods, but also processed foods (PF) and UPF. Affordable nutrient-rich foods can be found in the different categories of the NOVA classification.
Thesagro:	Alimento Nutriente Preço
NAL Thesaurus:	Nutrient density Food prices Affordability
Keywords:	Acessibilidade Micronutrientes prioritários Classificação NOVA Densidade de nutrientes Nutrient rich food index Priority micronutrients
DOI:	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204256
Type of Material:	Artigo de periódico
Access:	openAccess
Appears in Collections:	Artigo em periódico indexado (CNPGL)